Eugenia Netto - English, II-LM - a.a. 2008-2009 - 23-3-09

TASK 1 a.

Part A: values¹

The main values, ideas, believes and attitudes I found about Australians (also CALLED Aussies)

surfing the Net and analyzing different sources are the following:

1. Australian society is an individualistic society and Australians tend to control the situation and to achieve their goals by themselves. The pPower is quite horizontally distributed.

2. Australian society today is multi-cultural and multi-faith. Aussies generally respect others’ opinions.

3. Australian society is mainly a male society and even women tend to be assertive and competitive as men (a common myth is for example the ‘bushranger’²).

4. Australians value modesty, humility and sincerity. They don’t draw attention to their academic achievements, to their status or position or to their success in general. They distrust people who do.

5. Australians give high value to social relationships. They also commonly exchange small gifts between friends and between trades people too. They offer their help to their friends, for example when invited to a barbeqCue (an habit in Australia).

6. Australians are direct and assertive in the way they communicate. They like brevity. They often use colorful language.

7. Australians like punctuality and don’t like waiting.

8. Australian are informal and casual in greetings and clothing.

9. Australians generally respect nature and are aware of environmental issues. Nature has also an important role in Australian everyday life.

Part B: cultural dimensions³

In this part I analyze the sentences above according to Beamer’s cultural dimensions and also to Hofstede’s dimensions. I add some dimensions on my own. I take into account also other countries to have a comparison with Australia.

1. Australian society is an individualistic society and Australians tend to control the situation and to achieve their goals by themselves. The power is quite horizontally distributed.

---------------------

This value can be analyzed using the following cultural dimensions. ‘Individualism’ and ‘self in control’ can explain the fact that Aussies ‘tend to control the situation and to achieve their goals by themselves’. Furthermore ‘equality’ in the distribution of power and wealth means that AussieS can hope to reach also powerful positions without any problem. All these dimensions, especially ‘self in control’, is also connected to the ‘uncertainty avoidance’: that means Aussies are not uncertainty tolerant, because they want to have the control of the situation in their hands.

• Collectivism/individualism

Collectivism ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Individualism

JAMAICA-------------IRELAND---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA---USA

• Control of events

Other in control ---------------------------------------------------------------------Self in control

JAMAICA------ITALY ---------------- IRELAND------- AUSTRALIA---USA

• Power distance

Inequality (hierarchical)------------------------------------------------------ Equality (horizontal)

IRELAND --------- JAMAICA ---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA-------USA
SAUDI ARABIA--NIGERIA-- JAMAICA ---- ITALY--IRELAND--- USA --AUSTRALIA--SWEDEN

• Uncertainty

Uncertainty tolerance (high tolerance)-------------- Uncertainty avoidance (low tolerance)

JAMAICA---------------- IRELAND----- USA – AUSTRALIA------ITALY
IRAQ---JAMAICA----MEXICO-------ITALY--- IRELAND----- USA – AUSTRALIA--SWITZERLAND

GOOD ANALYSIS OF YOUR FIRST CULTURAL VALUE

2. Australian society today is multi-cultural and multi-faith. Aussies generally respect others’ opinions.

---------------------

Australia is day by day even more multi-cultural and multi-faith and this situation sometimes is difficult to manage (sometimes laws are too rudeHARSH towards aborigines and immigrants), but in general this multi-cultural environment influences the Australian attitude. This value can be analyzed using the following cultural dimensions. Aussies are not very ‘rules oriented’ that means they are open and quite ready to change. THEY ARE OPEN TO CHANGE BUT OBSERVE RULES LIKE ALL ANGLOS; THEY PAY TAXES, STOP AT RED LIGHTS, ETC. They are also ‘informal’ so that they make others at home. In addition they don’t give much importance to ‘position, status, academic achievement’ so that they treat others all in the same way.

• Rules
  Rules bending (ready to change)---------------------- ----Rules oriented (observant)

JAMAICA ------ USA-- AUSTRALIA------IRELAND--------ITALY !!!! *
*con tutti i fenomeni di evasione fiscale, condoni,concorsi truccati, bustarelle, imbrogli agli esami, a livelli unici nella EU
NIGERIA----JAMAICA --------ITALY---IRELAND------ USA-- AUSTRALIA-------SWITZERLAND

• Formality

Form distrusted------------------------------------------------------------------------ Form trusted

JAMAICA-----------USA---AUSTRALIA-------IRELAND --------------- ITALY
JAMAICA-----------USA---AUSTRALIA-------IRELAND ---------- ITALY ------- JAPAN

• Importance of position, status, academic achievement

No importance---------------------------------------------------------------------High importance

JAMAICA-----------AUSTRALIA--USA-----------------------------ITALY
JAMAICA-----------AUSTRALIA--USA---------BRITAIN--------------------ITALY -----JAPAN

Analysis OK, but I disagree with your evaluation of stereotypical national mindsets, and not just for Italy.

3. Australian society is mainly a male society and even women tend to be assertive and competitive as men (a common myth is for example the ‘bushranger’).

---------------------

This value have to be analyzed taking into account the historical origins of Australia. Australia as British colony was at the beginning a penal colony where English outlaws CRIMINALS where confined. They were mainly men. This origin influences Australian attitude with no doubt so that ‘masculinity’, with all the connected features as for examples ‘individualism’ and then competition and assertiveness, is a mark for CHARACTERISTIC OF Aussies. Moreover the cultural dimension of ‘power distance’ is connected with the other ones, because in an individualistic society everybody thinkS they can achieve the power: they feel the power is horizontally distributed.

• Masculinity (Italian men have power but use perfume, dress elegantly: Aussies and Yanks don't.)

Female------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Male

JAMAICA----USA-----IRELAND-------ITALY------- AUSTRALIA
FINLAND---NORWAY----JAMAICA---ITALY--------USA-----IRELAND------- AUSTRALIA

• Collectivism/individualism

Collectivism -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Individualism

JAMAICA-------------IRELAND---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA---USA

• Power distance

Inequality (hierarchical)---------------------------------------------------------------- Equality (horizontal)

IRELAND --------- JAMAICA ---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA-------USA
SAUDI ARABIA---NIGERIA-- JAMAICA -- ITALY---IRELAND--- USA--AUSTRALIA--SWEDEN

4. Australians value modesty, humility and sincerity. They don’t draw attention to their academic achievements, to their status or position or to their success in general. They distrust people who do.

---------------------

The value of modesty and humility is connected with the dimension ‘importance of position, status, academic achievement’: Aussies seem to be not much interested in this kind of things. This is confirmed analyzing the cultural dimension of ‘short / long -term orientation’ where Australia is quite short-term oriented, that means Aussies generally are not very interested in long-term achievements. Sincerity and trust/distrust can be analyzed considering also the communication style: Australians are clearly direct, they say sincerely what they think.

• Importance of position, status, academic achievement (see changes on same dimension above)

No importance---------------------------------------------------------------------High importance

JAMAICA-----------AUSTRALIA--USA-----------------------------ITALY

• Short / Long -term orientation

Short-term orientated---------------------------------------------------Long-term orientated

AUSTRALIA-----------IRELAND----USA--------------ITALY
AUSTRALIA--------USA----IRELAND--------ITALY --- SAUDI ARABIA ---- JAPAN

• Communication style

Indirect------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Direct

JAMAICA---------- ITALY------------------USA----AUSTRALIA----IRELAND
CHINA--- JAMAICA---------- ITALY------------IRELAND---USA----AUSTRALIA---HOLLAND

5. Australians give high value to social relationships. They also commonly exchange small gifts between friends and between trades people too. They offer their help to their friends, for example when invited to a barbeqCue (an habit in Australia).

---------------------

This value shows the importance of relationship and the common social practices used to feed social relationships. That means also there is a sort of cooperative interaction both in formal and informal contexts. This is possible in a horizontal society, as Australia is, more than in a hierarchical one.

• Power distance

Inequality (hierarchical)--------------------------------------------------- Equality (horizontal)

IRELAND --------- JAMAICA ---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA-------USA

(I won't correct the cultural dimensions you repeat, since you can see my corrections above)

6. Australians are direct and assertive in the way they communicate. They like brevity. They often use colorful language.

---------------------

The way in which Aussies communicate is analyzed in term of ‘directness’, ‘formality’ and ‘masculinity’. That means they are direct, they go soon to the point. They are usually informal and this involve being direct, brief and mainly using colorful language. The latter point is connected also to the ‘masculinity’: men use more colorful expressions than women.

Good analysis of assertiveness in speech

• Communication style

Indirect--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Direct

JAMAICA---------- ITALY-----------------------USA----AUSTRALIA----IRELAND

• Formality

Form distrusted----------------------------------------------------------------------- Form trusted

JAMAICA-----------USA---AUSTRALIA-------IRELAND --------------- ITALY

• Masculinity

Female----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Male

JAMAICA----USA-----IRELAND-------ITALY------- AUSTRALIA

7. Australians like punctuality and don’t like waiting.

---------------------

This Australian attitude is connected with the ‘control of events’, that means Aussies tend to have the control of situation in their hands and not give others that control.

• Control of events

Other in control ------------------------------------------------------------ ------Self in control

JAMAICA------ITALY ---------------- IRELAND------- AUSTRALIA---USA

8. Australian are informal and casual in greetings and clothing.

---------------------

Informality is a typical features of Australian culture also in business. Aussies are quite ‘form distrustedING’ also because they don’t value ‘position, status, academic achievement’ very much. Moreover living in an horizontal society means also that hierarchical differences are very little, so people treat each other quite in the same informal way.

• Formality

Form distrusted------------------------------------------------------------------------- Form trusted

JAMAICA-----------USA---AUSTRALIA-------IRELAND --------------- ITALY

• Importance of position, status, academic achievement

No importance-------------------------------------------------------------------High importance

JAMAICA-----------AUSTRALIA--USA-----------------------------ITALY

• Power distance

Inequality (hierarchical)-------------------------------------------------- Equality (horizontal)

IRELAND --------- JAMAICA ---- ITALY--------- AUSTRALIA-------USA

9. Australians generally respect nature and are aware of environmental issues. Nature has also an important role in Australian everyday life.

---------------------

Nature is a great and important presence in Australia: 90% of population live in the south-east near the coast and that means a lot of Australian territory is occupied by uncontaminated natural areas. This situation brings about a high environmental awareness which place Australia at the 16^th place in the Environmental Sustainability Index.

• Environmental awareness

Absence of environmental awareness----------------------- High environmental awareness

USA------------------- ITALY------------------------AUSTRALIA
CHINA---BULGARIA ----- USA------- ITALY-------------NORWAY-----AUSTRALIA--SWITZERLAND

Part C: maxims (in italics)

The resulting maxims of my analysis are:

1. Australian society is an individualistic society and Australians tend to control the situation and to achieve their goals by themselves. The power is quite horizontally distributed.

• Today, I can achieve all my goals; I will try, try, and try again until I reach the top!
  We're all mates, so in my attempt to succeed, I'll help you and you help me.

2. Australian society today is multi-cultural and multi-faith. Aussies (=Australians) generally respect others’ opinions.

• Listen to and respect others’ opinions.

3. Australian society is mainly a male society and even women tend to be assertive and competitive as men (a common myth is for example the ‘bushranger’).

• I’m a woman, but I’m strong and brave as a bushranger: I’m sure I can overcome everything! Being assertive and competitive is my attitude.

4. Australians value modesty, humility and sincerity. They don’t draw attention to their academic achievements, to their status or position or to their success in general. They distrust people who do.

• Be modest, sincere and humble. Downplay your success and your academic achievements. Distrust people who draw attention to their academic achievement, status or position. Be also self-deprecating.

5. Australians give high value to social relationships. They also commonly exchange small gifts between friends and between trades people too. They offer their help to their friends, for example when invited to a barbeqCue (an habit in Australia).

• I like my mates very much; I trust them! I like exchanging small gifts with them.

6. Australians are direct and assertive in the way they communicate. They like brevity. They often use colorful language.

• Be direct. Go soon to the point and say what you think! Fuck “politically correct”, form and hierarchy (I like using colorful language!)!

7. Australians like punctuality and don’t like waiting.

• Be punctual.

• We both have lots to do, mate, so don't retard me and I won't retard you.
  
  
  

8. Australian are informal and casual in greetings and clothing.

• Be informal and casual in greetings and clothing.WEAR WHATEVER IS COMFORTABLE AND FUNCTIONAL, DON'T WORRY ABOUT STYLE. Use always your first name and shake hands when meeting.

9. Australians generally respect nature and are aware of environmental issues. Nature has also an important role in Australian everyday life.

• Respect nature and protect the environment, when relaxing, having barbies, training and living in the open-air (mainly on the beach)!

OK.
INDEED, MORE THAN OK, EXCELLENT. (ALTHOUGH YOUR BIBLIOGRAPHY COULD BE MORE EXTENSIVE.)
YOU SEEM TO HAVE GOT A FEEL FOR THE AUSSIE WAY OF THINKING/BEING... AND TALKING? WE'LL SEE.
KUDOS FOR THIS PAPER.